Development and validation of the Brazilian Version of Lay Persons' Social Judgements about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S)

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Version of Lay Person's Social Judgement about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). A standardized photograph of a 16-year-old girl was manipulated by using photo editing software, to simulate different cleft-lip situations. The cleft-free image was used as a control. The researchers structured an initial questionnaire that was evaluated by experts and a sample of the target population to evaluate the construct. After analysis by the researchers, a final version of the B-LSojCleft-S containing 14 items was generated. Each answer was awarded score from 1 to 3 points, yielding a total score of 14 to 42 points. Higher scores represented better social judgements. The B-LSojCleft-S was applied online to 103 test participants and 73 retest participants with an interval of 20 days between application. Aspects of acceptability, discriminant property, internal consistency, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed using the Friedman test (p < 0.05). Reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha > 0.81. The B-LSojCleft-S showed high acceptability, strong discriminant property, excellent internal consistency and reliability, but had a floor and ceiling effect. The instrument reached valid and reliable scores and had acceptable psychometric properties to evaluate the social judgments of lay persons about different cleft lip situations in a Brazilian population.

A 14-Year Follow-Up Study of Sequelae in Primary Teeth and Permanent Successors After Dental Trauma

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the presence of sequelae in primary teeth and their permanent successors, as well as associations between TDI and the presence of sequelae in both teeth. Material and Methods: In this 14-year retrospective study, 2.290 records were reviewed, 192 patients who suffered dental trauma in primary teeth were followed until the eruption of successor teeth were included. Descriptive, chi-square, and regression logistic with generalized estimating equations tests were performed (p<0.05). Results: 362 primary and successor teeth were followed. Sequelae were present in 71.8% of primary teeth and 25.7% of their successors. Teeth with complicated fracture (100%), extrusion (100%) and avulsion (100%) resulted in the largest amounts of sequelae in primary teeth and intrusion (61%) on their successors. Age was associated with sequelae in permanent teeth (p<0.01). Extrusion (OR 10.06; CI 2.12-47.63) and intrusion (OR 7.51; CI 2.73-20.70) had a higher risk to cause sequelae in primary and permanent teeth, respectively. Conclusion: The type of injury involved influenced the sequelae in traumatized teeth and their successors, and the age of the child influenced the presence of sequelae in permanent teeth.

Development, validation and application of a Brazilian knowledge scale about sports doping in dentistry

Abstract To evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian dentists of sports doping through the development, validation and application of the Brazilian Knowledge Scale about Sports Doping in Dentistry (B-KSSDD). A scale with 12 items was developed to assess a dentist's ability to determine whether the use of a medication characterised sports doping according to the World Anti-Doping Agency. A preliminary study to validate the B-KSSDD was carried out with 135 dentists, allowing the evaluation of ceiling and floor effects, convergent and discriminant validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the instrument. A sample size calculation using the results of the preliminary study and the B-KSSDD was completed online using SurveyMonkey® by 270 participants from all regions of the country. The B-KSSDD showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, good temporal stability (ICC = 0.75) and internal consistency (alpha = 0.89). In the main study, the participants obtained an average score of 4.19/12 points on the B-KSSDD, suggesting that these professionals have insufficient knowledge about sports doping. The age of participants showed a negative association with knowledge about doping, while frequency of treating athletes and frequency of performing surgeries showed positive associations with knowledge about doping. The dentists had insufficient knowledge of the subject. Age of participants and frequency with which they attend to athletes are associated with knowledge about sports doping. Professional updating and education policies on doping are necessary for dentists, as athlete patients are at risk for severe sporting and financial penalties.

Factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) in dentists. Factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated using a questionnaire and scores of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 were measured. The differences between the DAS scores based on the factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic were tested through the successive application of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA, α = 0.05). After a sample size calculation, 998 participants with a mean age of 39.39 (± 11.69) years were included. The effect size indicated that changes in sleep quality (η2 = 0.161), eating habits (η2 = 0.057), and physical health (η2 = 0.051) were the ones that most negatively affected DAS scores. The highest DAS scores were observed in professionals who lived with someone at high-risk for COVID-19 (p < 0.001) and in those who did not engage in leisure activities during the pandemic (p < 0.001). Dentists who worked on the frontline against COVID-19 had higher scores of anxiety and stress (p = 0.029). The highest scores for anxiety, depression, and/or stress were seen in dentists living with someone at high-risk for COVID-19, who acts on the frontline, who does not practice in leisure activities during the pandemic, who completely changed eating habits, quality of sleep and physical health during the pandemic. In general, DAS levels of dentists were associated with factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Replantation of avulsed tooth: a step-by-step report

Introduction: Avulsion is a serious injury that causes damage to dental and supportive tissues, and is characterized by complete displacement of a tooth from its socket. In most situations, replantation is the treatment of choice for permanent tooth avulsion, and appropriate management is critical for a good prognosis in these cases. Previous studies have shown that the level of knowledge of dentists regarding the management of an avulsed tooth is deficient and have underscored the importance of continuing dental education to further the knowledge of general dentists in the urgency management of permanent avulsed teeth. Objective: This report aims to present a step-by-step clinical sequence involving the reimplantation of a mature permanent tooth that suffered avulsion,following the CARE guide. Case report: Tooth 21, stored in milk, was reimplanted 2 hours after avulsion and stabilized with flexible containment. The clinical steps were carried out according to the recommendations of the International Association of Dental Traumatology. Endodontic treatment was started five days after reimplantation, with periodic changes of intracanal medication. The patientis currently under follow-up, with no negative signs or symptoms related to avulsion. Conclusion: Dental reimplantation after avulsion should be performed after a thorough systemic and oral diagnosis and tooth storage conditions, with a clinical protocol based on scientific evidence of associations of dentoalveolar trauma.

Introdução: A avulsão é uma injuria grave que causa sérios danos aos tecidos de suporte do doente e é caracterizada pelo completo deslocamento do elemento dentário de dentro do alvéolo. O reimplante é, na maioria das situações, o tratamento de escolha para o dente permanente avulsionado e uma conduta correta é necessária para um bom prognostico nestes casos. Estudos prévios mostram que o conhecimento de dentistas sobre o manejo de um dente que sofreu avulsão é deficiente e destacam a importância da educação continuada, com a intenção de aumentar o nível de conhecimento de dentistas clínicos frente a urgências envolvendo dentes avulsionados. Objetivo: este relato tem como objetivo apresentar uma sequência clínica passo-a-passo envolvendo o reimplante de um dente permanente maduro que sofreu avulsão, seguindo o guia CARE. Relato do caso: O dente 21, armazenado em leite, foi reimplantado 2 horas após a avulsão e estabilizado com contenção flexível. As etapas clínicas foram realizadas conforme as recomendações da Associação Internacional de Traumatismos Dentários. O tratamento endodôntico foi iniciado cinco dias após o reimplante, com trocas periódicas de medicação intracanal. Atualmente o paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento, sem sinais ou sintomas negativos relacionados a avulsão. Conclusão: O reimplante dental após avulsão deve ser realizado após minucioso diagnóstico e condições de armazenamento do dente, com protocolo clínico embasado nas evidências científicas das associações de traumatismos dentoalveolares.

Avaliação da experiência odontológica prévia, hábitos alimentares e de higiene bucal em pacientes com paralisia cerebral / Evaluation of previous dental experience, eating habits and oral hygiene in patients with cerebral palsy

Avaliar descritivamente a experiência odontológica prévia, práticas de higiene bucal e hábitos alimentares de pacientes com Paralisia Cerebral (PC). Foi realizado um estudo observacional, do tipo transversal, com pacientes diagnosticados com PC através uma amostra de conveniência (n=27), com idade entre 3 e 14 anos, de ambos os sexos, que buscaram atendimento no ambulatório de pediatria do Hospital Universitário Materno Infantil, em São Luís ­ MA, no período de julho a outubro de 2018. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado ao cuidador contendo história médica e odontológica da criança, avaliando também as práticas de higiene bucal e hábitos alimentares. Verificou-se que 66.67% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 8,5 anos. Todos os acompanhantes eram do sexo feminino e a maior parte apresentou baixa escolaridade. Dentro os participantes, 92,59% não apresentavam habilidade para realizar escovação dentária e 51,85% dos cuidadores nunca receberam orientação sobre os cuidados de higiene bucal; 70,37% dos participantes fazem o consumo de alimentos açucarados e pastosos, e mais da metade já tiveram experiência de cárie. O estudo mostrou deficiência na higienização e um alto consumo de açúcar. Nesse sentido, práticas de higiene bucal e instruções dietéticas devem ser reforçadas e orientadas aos cuidadores a fim de contribuir para melhor assistência e prevenção à saúde.

Descriptively evaluate the previous dental experience, oral hygiene practices and eating habits of patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP). An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out with patients diagnosed with CP through a convenience sample (n = 27), aged between 0 and 18 years, of both sexes, who sought care at the pediatric outpatient clinic of Materno Infantile University Hospital, at Federal University of Maranhão, in São Luís - MA, from July to October 2018. A structured questionnaire was applied to the caregiver containing the child's medical and dental history, also evaluating oral hygiene practices and eating habits. It was found that 66.67% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 8.5 years. All companions were female and most had low education. Within the participants, 92.59% did not have the ability to perform tooth brushing and 51.85% of the caregivers never received guidance on oral hygiene care; 70.37% of participants consume sugary and pasty foods, and more than half have had caries experience. The study showed poor hygiene and a high consumption of sugar. In this sense, oral hygiene practices and dietary instructions should be reinforced and oriented to caregivers in order to contribute to better health care and prevention.

Multidisciplinary conservative management of dental fracture in young patient: case report

The management of fractured permanent teeth due to dental trauma in young patients is a challenge that requires an efficient approach. Objective: Describe a conservative and multidisciplinary treatment of a case of dental trauma in a 13 years-old boy. Case report: At clinical examination was verified enamel and dentin fracture in the left upper central incisor and a fracture with pulp exposure in the right upper lateral incisor, with subgingival extension of its margin at lingual surface, and no swelling or tooth displacement was observed. At radiographic evaluation, no pulp or periradicular disturbances were verified. It was proposed the surgical lengthening of the clinical crown of the right upper lateral incisor for later performing endodontic treatment. It was decided to make direct composite resin restorations in both fractured teeth, instead of doing a prosthetic treatment in the affected lateral incisor, such as the placement of a full ceramic crown, in an attempt to perform a less invasive treatment, mainly due to the age of the patient. At a two years follow-up visit was observed the maintenance of the health of periapical tissues and the absence of clinical alterations. Conclusion: The restorations were kept in good conditions and aesthetics was considered satisfactory by professionals, patient and parents.

Introdução: O manejo de dentes permanentes fraturados por traumatismo dentário em pacientes jovens é desafiador e requer uma abordagem eficiente. Objetivo: Descrever o tratamento conservador e multidisciplinar em um caso de traumatismo dentário de um menino de 13 anos de idade. Relato do caso: Ao exame clínico foi verificada uma fratura de esmalte e dentina no incisivo central superior esquerdo e uma fratura complicada no incisivo lateral superior direito, com extensão subgengival da margem na face palatina, e não foram observados edema ou deslocamento dentário. Ao exame radiográfico, não foram verificadas alterações pulpares ou perirradiculares. Foi proposta realização de aumento da coroa clínica do incisivo lateral superior direito para posterior realização do tratamento endodôntico. Para os dois dentes traumatizados foi proposta a realização de restauração direta com resina composta, proporcionando um tratamento menos invasivo ao incisivo lateral superior direito, ao invés de submetê-lo a um tratamento protético, como a colocação de uma coroa total cerâmica, principalmente devido à pouca idade do paciente. Na visita de dois anos de acompanhamento, observou-se a manutenção da saúde dos tecidos periapicais e ausência de alterações clínicas. Conclusão: As restaurações se mantiveram em boas condições e a estética foi considerada satisfatória pelos profissionais, paciente e pais.

Influence of Vestibular Bevel on the Success of Traumatized Teeth Restorations: Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial - Preliminary Results with 6-Months Follow-Up

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the influence of cavosurface vestibular bevel (CSVB) application on the clinical success (CS) of class IV restorations of traumatized permanent teeth, the influence of the number of fracture angles and dental trauma recurrence (DTR) on the restorations retention rate (RRR) and incidence of pulp necrosis (PN). Material and Methods: Fifty-seven children and adolescents with enamel and dentin fractures requiring C-IV restorations were randomly allocated in groups with CSVB and without CSVB. The primary outcomes were the CS of restorations, evaluated using modified USPHS criteria, and the incidence of PN after a 6-months follow-up. As secondary outcomes, the influence of the number of fractured angles and the DTR on the RRR and on the incidence of PN were evaluated (p>0.05). Results: Of 57 children and adolescents, 74 teeth were restored, and 71 completed the six-month follow-up analysis. Teeth restored with and without CSVB displayed similar CS as well as the same incidence of PN (p>0.05). The number of fractured angles did not influence the RRR and DTR was not associated with PN (p>0.05). DTR was associated with a lower RRR (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cavosurface vestibular bevel did not influence the clinical success of Class IV restorations or incidence of PN after 6-months follow-up. DTR did not influence the incidence of pulp necrosis, but did negatively influence the restorations retention rate. The number of fracture angles did not influenced in the restorations retention rate.

Risk Factors for Different Types of Traumatic Injuries in Primary Teeth

Abstract Objective: To evaluate traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in primary teeth and the association of gender and age with different injuries. Material and Methods: Records of patients with TDI in primary teeth were included. The following parameters were registered: gender and age, place of trauma, cause of trauma, affected tissue and tooth, number of injured teeth, type of injury, and gingival and bone damage. A logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the interaction between gender and age on the occurrence of types of injuries (p≤0.05). Results: The total of 721 records were evaluated and 370 records were included, being 61.6% boys and 60.5% children aged 0-3 years old, with 658 primary teeth affected. The support tissue was most affected (496/658), followed by dental tissue (139/658). Enamel/dentine fracture with pulp exposure (n=51) and intrusion (n=131) were the most common injuries of dental and support tissues, respectively. In general, boys suffered more traumas than girls, regardless of the age range. As for concussion, logistic regression confirms that gender and age are also influencers. Girls (OR=1.822, CI = 1.050-3.164, p=0.033) in the 4-6 year age group (OR=2.15, CI = 1.239-3.747, p=0.007) are more likely to have concussions. Children age 4-6 years were less likely to suffer an intrusion (OR=0.496; CI = 0.278-0.886; p=0.018). Conclusion: Gender and age influence concussion and intrusion in the primary teeth.

Oral health, impact of pain in the life and perception of users atended at Family Health Strategy of Piraí-RJ

Objective: to identify the characteristics of the demands for emergency services relatedto pain in health units in the city of Piraí, Rio de Janeiro; the degree of satisfaction andthe perceptions of users about the service provided when the need is linked toemergency situations related to dental pain. Methods: Users of public health unitsanswered, between May 2013 and November 2014, through questionnaires, dataregarding sex, age, monthly family income, economic class, experiences in emergencyservices and a McGill pain questionnaire validated for the Portuguese language. Thedata were analyzed descriptively and using the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: 137users were included (40.22 ± 15.74 years), 73.7% female, 59.9% from class C and 43.8%with an income between ½ and 1 minimum wage. Of the total, 54% felt some painrelated to oral problems in the last 12 months before the questionnaire and of these,71.6% were seen at the service, 58% did not find it difficult to get care, 68.9% solved theproblem and 73% were satisfied with the service provided. Only 37.2% of users did notreport social damage at work or at leisure caused by dental pain. The age group wasassociated with pain related to oral problems in the last 12 months (p=0.02) and theneed for emergency consultations in the same period (p=0.005). Conclusions: Themajority of individuals who are attended in public service being female, the economicclass and the predominant family income were, respectively, class C and of ½ to 1minimum wage; Toothache and pain when drinking cold or hot liquids were the mostcommon complaints in the last 12 months; There is an association between age andpresence of dental pain and the need for urgent treatment; and participants in thisstudy are considered to have been satisfactorily treated in most cases.

Objetivo: identificar as características das demandas por serviços de emergênciarelacionados à dor nas unidades de saúde da cidade de Piraí, Rio de Janeiro; o grau desatisfação e as percepções dos usuários sobre o serviço prestado quando a necessidadeestá ligada a situações de urgência relacionadas à dor dentária. Métodos: Usuários dasunidades públicas de saúde responderam, durante maio de 2013 até novembro de 2014,através de questionários, dados referentes a sexo, idade, renda familiar mensal, classeeconômica, experiências nos serviços de emergência e um questionário McGill para dorvalidado para a língua portuguesa. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e peloteste Qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram incluídos 137 usuários (40,22 ± 15,74anos), 73,7% do sexo feminino, 59,9% da classe C e 43,8% com renda entre ½ e 1 saláriomínimo. Do total, 54% sentiram alguma dor relacionada a problemas bucais nos últimos12 meses antes do questionário e destes, 71,6% foram atendidos no serviço, 58% nãoencontraram dificuldades para obter atendimento, 68,9% resolveram o problema e73% estavam satisfeitos com o serviço prestado. Apenas 37,2% dos usuários nãorelataram prejuízo social no trabalho ou no lazer causado por dor dentária. A faixa etáriaesteve associada à dor relacionada a problemas bucais nos últimos 12 meses (p=0,02)e à necessidade de consultas de emergência no mesmo período (p=0,005). Conclusão:A maioria dos indivíduos atendidos em serviço público era do sexo feminino, a classeeconômica e a renda familiar predominante eram, respectivamente, classe C e de ½ a 1salário mínimo; Dor de dente e dor ao beber líquidos frios ou quentes foram as queixasmais comuns nos últimos 12 meses; Existe associação entre idade e presença de dordentária e necessidade de tratamento urgente; os participantes deste estudo seconsideraram satisfatoriamente atendidos na maioria dos casos.